Forscher der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität konnten unter der Führung von Dr. Florian Gärtner und Prof. Dr. Stefan Massberg von der Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik 1 am Campus Großhadern zeigen, dass die Rolle der rund 750 Milliarden Blutplättchen in unserem Körper über ihre begrenzt geglaubte Rolle, welche sich auf die Wundheilung bezieht, hinausgehen. Die sogenannten Thrombozyten sind nach neuester Erkenntnis der LMU-Forscher nämlich nicht nur in der Lage Gefäßverletzungen abzudichten, sondern auch aktiv Bakterien abzuwehren. „Blutplättchen sind wichtig für die Abwehr von Bakterien. Sie besitzen die Fähigkeit, sich aktiv im Organismus zu bewegen um mit Erregern zu interagieren und diese zu binden“, so Gärtner dazu. Die Forschungsergebnisse wurden im Fachmagazin Cell veröffentlicht. Das Forscherteam, das unter dem Projektnamen „Immunzellwanderung bei Entzündung, Entwicklung und Krankheit“ arbeitete, war mittels einer speziell entwickelte Methode in der Lage, Blutplättchen bei der Immunreaktion über einen bestimmte Zeitraum zu visualisieren. Die Methode brachte hervor, dass Blutplättchen sich nicht nur passiv an Bakterien heften, sondern sich aktiv bewegen, umd diese unschädlich zu machen. Die Entzündungsstellen werden von Blutplättchen aufgesucht, treten mit Fremdkörpern in Kontakt, binden diese aneinander und stehen dann mit den Fremdkörpern gebündelt den sogenannten Fresszellen zur Verfügung. Die bisherige Unterschätzung der Rolle der Blutplättchen in der Immunabwehr ist nach Auffassung der Forscher vermutlich darauf zurückzuführen, dass sie keinen eigenen Zellkern besitzen. Die festgestellte Fähigkeit der Blutplättchen, dynamische Strukturen zu entwickeln und sich fortbewegen zu können, kann der Wissenschaft helfen aufzuklären, über welche Fähigkeiten Zellen ohne Zellkern verfügen. „Es ist ein anschauliches Beispiel dafür, dass die Bewegungsmaschinerie der Zelle unabhängig vom Zellkern ist“, verdeutlicht Gärtner. Auch bei der Entwicklung von Medikamenten kann diese Erkenntnis richtungsweisend sein, mögliche Entzündungsreaktionen zu verstehen und einzudämmen.
Originalpublikation
Migrating Platelets Are Mechano-scavengers that Collect and Bundle Bacteria
Gaertner F, Ahmad Z, Rosenberger G, Fan S, Nicolai L, Busch B, Yavuz G, Luckner M, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Hennel R, Benechet A, Lorenz M, Chandraratne S, Schubert I, Helmer S, Striednig B, Stark K, Janko M, Böttcher RT, Verschoor A, Leon C, Gachet C, Gudermann T, Mederos Y Schnitzler M, Pincus Z, Iannacone M, Haas R, Wanner G, Lauber K, Sixt M, Massberg S.
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