Impfspray statt Impfspritze
Impfungen könnten in Zukunft mittels eines Aerosols über die Schleimhäute in der Lunge verabreicht werden. Dies würde die Notwendigkeit eines medizinischen Fachpersonals und die damit verbundene aufwändige Immunisierung der Spritze abschaffen. Das geht aus einer aktuellen Meldung der Christian-Albrechts-Universität (CAU) in Kiel hervor. Lange schon gab es den Anreiz die unbeliebte Injektion mit der Spritze durch Alternativen zu ersetzen. Nun gibt es einen vielversprechenden Weg dessen Ergebnis, eines vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördertes Konsortiums, in dem das Pharma -Unternehmen Merck und öffentliche Forschungseinrichtungen zusammenarbeiten, eine neue Möglichkeit zur nadelfreien Impfung eröffnet. Das mit der (CAU) kooperierende Forschungsteam entwickelte ein impfstoffbeladenes Gasgemisch das ähnlich wie in einem Asthma-Inhalator Schwebeteilchen enthält. Somit soll der Impfstoff durch die in der Lunge befindlichen Schleimhäute aufgenommen werden. Als Trägersubstanz wird hier eine Formulierung mit dem Biopolymer Chitosan eingesetzt. Bei Tests mit Mäusen und menschlichen Zellkulturen haben die Partikel die gewünschten Immunreaktionen bereits hervorgerufen. Die Arbeitsgruppe wurde von PD Dr. Regina Scherließ der Pharmazeutischen Technologie der Uni Kiel geleitet. Dennoch, die Technologie ist noch nicht ausgereift.„Unsere Forschung befindet sich noch in einem sehr frühen Stadium“, erklärt Projektleiterin Dr. Andrea Hanefeld von Merck. „Bis daraus einmal ein praktisch anwendbares Verfahren zur Impfung mithilfe eines Inhalationsgerätes entwickelt sein wird, ist noch viel Forschungs- und Entwicklungsarbeit nötig.“ Dennoch sieht sie im Prinzip des nanomedizinischen Verfahrens viel Entwicklungspotenzial. Ein entscheidender Vorteil liegt nach Professor Carlos A. Guzman, leitender Wissenschaftler am Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI) darin, „dass der Impfstoff auf demselben Weg in den Körper gelangt wie viele Krankheitserreger – anders als bei der Verabreichung mittels einer Spritze“.
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