Baumbestände schrumpfen weltweit
In Zusammenhang mit der global wachsenden Wirtschaft und dem Energiebedarf, den klimatischen Veränderungen und den daraus entstehenden Naturkatastrophen, stellt sich auch die Frage nach dem für die Erdatmosphäre bedeutsamen aktuellen Bestand der Bäume.
Interessant ist auch die entsprechende Verteilung auf die Klima- und Vegetationszonen das die Universität Bayreuth gemeinsam mit einem internationalen Forschungsverbund um PD Dr. Hemp untersucht hat. Dabei liegen die Wahrnehmung der breiten Masse und die der Forscher die eher negative Vermutungen vorausgeschickt hatten weit unter dem tatsächlichen Bestand. Mit 3,04 Billionen liegt die Zahl damit jenseits früherer Schätzungen. Nämlich um das Achtfache. Dennoch ist festzuhalten, dass die Studie auch zugleich ein weltweites Schrumpfen der Baumbestände erkennen lässt. Die Ursachen dürften den meisten geläufig sein. Zum Einen ist es die intensive Forstwirtschaft, zum Anderen die Veränderungen in der Landnutzung, ausgelöst durch die wachsende Weltbevölkerung. Derzeit schrumpfen die Waldflächen der Erde um 192.000 Quadratkilometer pro Jahr. Nun steht erstmals eine Weltkarte zur Verfügung die eine detaillierte Übersicht zu den weltweiten Baumbeständen bietet. 421.000 Messungen zu verschiedensten Regionen waren nötig. Unterschieden wurde nach klimatischen Verhältnissen, der Böden und Vegetationen – nach Tropen, gemäßigten Breiten, nach Steppen- und Wüstenregionen gesetzt. Der höchste Bestand fällt auf die tropische und subtropischen Wälder. Dort wachsen 1,39 Billionen Bäume. 740 Milliarden in Nordamerika, Europa und Asien. Auf die gemäßigten Gebiete verteilen sich 610 Milliarden Bäume. Bemerkenswert ist auch, dass sich die größte Baumdichte nicht in den Tropen befindet, wie vielleicht viele vermuten würden, sondern in kälteren und relativ trockenen Regionen auf der Nordhalbkugel. Die dortigen Nadelbäume wachsen auf engem Raum und sind den besonders schwankenden klimatischen Bedingungen gewachsen. Bei einer Weltbevölkerung von 7,2 Milliarden Menschen kommen somit auf jeden 422 Bäume.
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