Forscher entdecken neue Sternengenerationen
Kugelsternhaufen können hunderttausende Sterne umfassen und sind meist mehrere Milliarden Jahre alt. Die Sterne sind gravitativ miteinander verbunden und im Zentrum bildet sich die dichte Ansammlung der Sterne zu einer Kugel. Diese Form der Ansammlung gehört zu den ältesten im Universum. Dabei haben Sternenwinde unter den massereichsten Ansammlungen ihre Umgebung so frei gefegt, dass in Kugelsternhaufen kaum Gas oder Staub vorkommen. Dies wiederum bedingt, dass die Entstehung neuer Sterne verhindert wird. Dabei wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Sterne überwiegend gleichzeitig entstanden sind. Das Forscherteam um Chengyuan Li am Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics der Peking University in China fand heraus, dass sich die Sterne in einigen Kugelsternenhaufen der Großen Megallanschen Wolke (LMC), der Begleitergalaxie unseres Milchstraßensystems, in Schüben gebildet haben. Spektroskopische Untersuchungen zeigten, dass der NGC 1783 vor rund 1,4 Milliarden Jahren entstanden ist. Dieser wiederum beherbergt zwei weitere Sternengenerationen im Alter von 890 und 490 Millionen Jahren. Ein klarer Hinweis darauf, dass ein zeitlich erheblicher Abstand zwischen den Sterngengenerationen liegt. Der NGC 1783 bildet den Kugelsterhaufen im Sternbild Dorado am Südsternhimmel und ist einer der größten und jüngsten Haufen in der Megallanschen Wolke. Die Forscher erklären die schubweise Entstehung der Kugelsternhaufen anhand ihrer Position in der sich ihr Umlauf befindet. Dort wo sich große Mengen Gas und Staub befinden sammeln sie diese mittels ihrer enormen Schwerkraft auf und reichern sie im inneren an. Diese verdichten sich und kollabieren unter ihrer eigenen Schwerkraft, wodurch mehrere Sterne zugleich entstehen.
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